Nutrient Efficiency

An examination of how applying 4R Nutrient Stewardship practices can help achieve proper nutrient use efficiency.

Oil Palm BMP - Mature Stage

Oil Palm BMP - Immature Stage

Oil Palm BMP - Nursery Stage

The Role of 4R Nutrient Stewardship in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission

The International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI) explains how farmers make 4R decisions (i.e., decisions on applying the Right source at the Right rate, Right time, and Right place) to minimize greenhouse gas emissions resulting from their nitrogen fertilizer applications. 4R Nutrient Stewardship promotes the best management practices that help farmers maximize the economic, social, and environmental performance of their nutrient applications.